Sewage source heat pump systems represent an efficient and environmentally friendly approach to heating and cooling. However, the unique characteristics of sewage water—such as its high level of impurities, corrosive elements, and tendency to cause scaling—pose significant challenges in the design and operation of heat exchangers. These issues have hindered the widespread adoption of such systems. To address these problems, a plastic heat exchanger has been proposed as a viable alternative to traditional metal-based models. Plastic heat exchangers offer several advantages, including better resistance to corrosion and scaling, lower maintenance costs, and more competitive pricing. Detailed analysis of their hydraulic resistance, mechanical strength, and heat transfer efficiency confirms that they are well-suited for use in sewage source heat pump systems.
Heat pumps have become a popular choice for energy-efficient heating and cooling solutions due to their environmental benefits. When using raw sewage as a heat source or sink, the system gains several distinct advantages over other types of heat sources. First, sewage is available in large quantities, with a consistent annual flow that makes it a reliable resource. Second, the temperature of sewage remains relatively stable throughout the year: it is warmer than the ambient temperature in winter and cooler in summer. For instance, data from the Gaobeidian Wastewater Treatment Plant in Beijing shows that winter sewage temperatures range between 13.5°C and 16.5°C, which is significantly higher than the outside air temperature, while summer temperatures fall between 22°C and 25°C, offering a cooler alternative to ambient conditions. Third, sewage contains a substantial amount of thermal energy—approximately 40% of the waste heat generated in urban areas is found in wastewater. This makes it an ideal and sustainable heat source for heat pump systems. However, the complex composition of sewage can lead to serious operational challenges, such as fouling and reduced system efficiency, which must be carefully addressed to ensure long-term stability and performance.
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