China's rapid economic growth and the transition of its industry into the heavy chemical era have significantly boosted freight demand. This surge is primarily driven by foreign trade logistics, long-distance and high-volume transportation, cross-regional energy movement, and the transport of basic raw materials. The development of the heavy chemical industry demands robust transportation infrastructure and imposes stricter requirements on ports, ships, petrochemical enterprises, and related regulations.
**Five Port Groups Enter the Plan**
Based on the conditions of major coastal ports, regional economic development, and industrial distribution, in August 2006, the State Council approved the "National Coastal Port Layout Plan." Among the five key port groups—Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Southeast Coast, Pearl River Delta, and Southwest Coast—each plays a vital role. Crude oil, refined oil, and chemical product terminals are mainly located in ports along the Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta, and Southeast Coast. The Bohai Rim Group includes Qingdao, Tianjin, and Dalian, with Qinhuangdao and Jinzhou serving complementary roles. The Yangtze River Delta centers around Ningbo and Zhoushan, while Shanghai, Nanjing, and Jiaxing are integral parts. In South China, Quanzhou, Huizhou, Guangzhou, Maoming, and Zhanjiang are key players.
**Laws and Regulations Continue to Improve**
Although China entered the international transport of dangerous goods later, it joined the UN Committee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods in December 1988. Following this, the Ministry of Communications initiated and organized the “Dangerous Goods Classification and Name Number†and “Dangerous Goods List.†These standards marked China’s alignment with global practices. Currently, the “Regulations on the Safety Management of Dangerous Chemicals†are under revision. According to officials from the Water Transport Department, provisions regarding the prohibition of transporting highly toxic chemicals in inland rivers may be adjusted to align with international norms. Additionally, the UN’s “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals†will be fully implemented in China.
**Hong Kong Enterprises Jointly Improve Capacity**
Port and petrochemical companies are now collaborating to build large-scale oil and chemical terminals. To enhance port capacity and establish hub ports, local authorities are focusing resources according to the national coastal port layout plan. Coastal ports are investing in large-scale oil and chemical terminals, either independently or in partnership with local refining companies, to strengthen their ability to handle oil and chemical shipments.
Regionally, the Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, and Pearl River Delta lead in implementation. In the Bohai Rim, Dalian Port has completed a 300,000-ton crude oil berth and plans to build a 500,000-ton terminal with UK and US multinational firms. Qingdao Port is also investing in a 300,000-ton crude oil berth, while Caofeidian Port is advancing both crude oil and LNG terminals.
In the Yangtze River Delta, Sinopec and Ningbo Port are working together to dredge and reconstruct the 18.2m water depth channel at Shrimp Gate, allowing 300,000-ton oil tankers to access Hong Kong directly. Zhenhai Refining & Chemical has started construction on a 1 million-ton ethylene project, which will include two 300,000-ton docks and 900,000 cubic meters of storage tanks, expected to be operational by 2008.
In the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Petrochemical’s production expansion is driving terminal development. By 2010, the province’s petrochemical output is projected to reach 730 billion yuan, with refining capacity reaching 65 million tons/year and ethylene production hitting 4.4 million tons/year. Beihai Port is expanding its oil infrastructure to support Sinopec’s projects in Guangxi.
Other ports, such as Zhoushan, Maoming, Zhanjiang, Jinzhou, Taizhou, Quanzhou, and Jiaxing, are also planning or starting large-scale oil and chemical terminals based on their unique advantages.
Today, a new round of competition among oil ports is underway. Beyond traditional hubs like Ningbo, Zhoushan, Qingdao, and Dalian, Rizhao, Tianjin, Jinzhou, and Caofeidian are also entering or planning to join this growing sector.
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