Comprehensive mining method is slow gold mining is an important method of mining the ore body tilt thin and very thin orebody. According to the 1987 data, the proportion of the total mining method applied to gold mines is 11.9% based on the mined ore. The gold mines applying this mining method mainly include: Shaoguan Gold Mine, Qinling Gold Mine, Xiangxi Gold Mine, Yu'erya Gold Mine, Zhangjiakou Gold Mine, Puqi Gold Mine, Banbishan Gold Mine, and Sanjia Gold Mine.
I. Technical conditions for mining
The deposits of all major gold mines using the comprehensive mining method are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 Technical conditions for mining mining using the comprehensive method
Ore name | Ore body | Surrounding rock | Lower wall rock | ||||||
Thickness / m | inclination /(°) | f | Stability | Gold grade /(g·t -1 ) | f | Stability | f | Stability | |
Shaoguan Gold Mine | 0.5 to 2.7 Average 1.3 | 3 to 10 | 8~10 | stable | 7.24 | 10~12 | Medium stability | 110~12 | Medium stability |
Qinling Gold Mine | 0.5 to 4.92 Average 0.74 | 20 to 15 average 22 | stable | 17.28 | 12~14 | stable | 12~14 | stable | |
Puqi Gold Mine | 0.2 to 2.3 Average 1.0 | 9 | stable | 9.01 | 10~12 | Medium or above | 8~10 | stable | |
峪耳岩金矿 | 0.79 to 1.30 average 1.10 | 30 to 50 average 45 | 10~12 | Medium or above | 12.50 | 12-15 | Medium stability | Medium stability | |
Banbishan Gold Mine | 0.47~4.57 average 1.40 | 20 to 46 average 32 | 12~14 | stable | 8~15 | stable | 8~15 | stable | |
Zhangjiakou Gold Mine | Average 1.56 | <10 average 4 | 13 | Medium stability | 3.5 to 3.7 | 4~6 | Medium stable | 4~6 | Medium stable |
Three gold mines | 0.2 to 0.6 Average 0.4 | 20~40 | 8~10 | stable | 8~14 | stable | 8~14 | stable | |
Xiangxi Gold Mine Xi'an Mining Area | 1.5 to 3.5 | 30 | 10~12 | stable | 5~7 | Medium stable | Medium stable | ||
It can be seen from Table 1 that the ore body mined by the comprehensive method is mostly below 2m in terms of the thickness of the ore body, and a considerable part of it is a very thin ore body of less than 0.8m; from the inclination of the ore body, most of the ore body Below 30°, some of them are slightly inclined ore bodies below 5°; from the viewpoint of rock stability, most of them are moderately stable, but some are below moderately stable.
Second, mining method structural parameters
The main structural parameters of the comprehensive mining method for each gold mine are listed in Table 2.
Table 2 Structural parameters of the comprehensive mining method
Ore name | Nugget arrangement the way | Nugget size / m | Column width / m | Top column height / m | Bottom column height / m | Drainage funnel spacing /m |
Shaoguan Gold Mine | Along the way | Going 40 to 50 Tilt 40~50 | 2 | Discontinuous column | no | 6 to 6.5 |
Qinling Gold Mine | Along the way | Going to 60 Vertical height 22 | 2 | 5~6 | 8~10 | |
Puqi Gold Mine | Along the way | Going 40 to 50 Tilt 30~40 Divided along the direction into strips, strip width 6-8 | Irregular pillar | no | no | The spacing of the mining trench is 6~8 |
峪耳岩金矿 | Along the way | Going 20 to 30 Tilt 40~60 | 2 to 2.5 | 2 | 4 | |
Banbishan Gold Mine | Along the way | Going to 40 Tilt 50 | 2 to 3 | 4~5 | 5~7 | |
Zhangjiakou Gold Mine | Along the way | Going to 40 Tilt 40 | no | Oblique length 3 to 4 | ||
Three gold mines | Along the way | Going to 40 Tilt 50~60 | 6 | 3 | 3 | 7 to 10 |
Xiangxi Gold Mine Xi'an Mining Area | Along the way | Going to 50 Tilt 60 The ore is divided into several | no | no | 5~7 |
It can be seen from Table 2 that when the gold mine applies the comprehensive mining method, the nuggets are arranged along the strike, and the size along the strike and the size along the slope are mostly 40-50 m. There are generally a column, a top column and a bottom column between the mine houses.
Third, the mining process
The mining process, parameters and equipment of the comprehensive method of each mine are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 Comprehensive mining method mining process
Ore name | Recovery order and promotion method | Fall mine | Mining | Roof management |
Shaoguan Gold Mine | Pushing from the side of the nugget to the other side | (1) The mining width is divided into two parts: the upper is the ore and the lower is the rock; and (2) the metal mesh is hung on the column near the working surface before the mining. First rock mining, shallow eye blasting | Electric eel mining. Electric winch winch power 30KW, bucket volume 0.3m 3 | Use wooden column or metal pillar, the spacing between the rows is 1.5m, and the column spacing is 2~2.5m. |
Qinling Gold Mine | Advancing along the direction from one side to the other, pushing backwards from the bottom to the top | Shallow-eye drop mine, blasthole plum-shaped arrangement, eye depth 2m, W=0.7~0.9mW/d=17～21.YT-24 rock drill | Mining with 2JP-28kW electric pick | The irregular ore pillars are left in the stope, and the waste rock masonry is used. Partial anchor |
Puqi Gold Mine | The nuggets are divided into several strips. Adjacent strips can be picked up simultaneously or sequentially. Slitting can be used for forward or backward | In the shallow-eye mine, the two ore are harvested after digging the trench. The center line of the blasthole and the temporary ditch is at an angle of 42° to 45°, and the row spacing is 1 m. Each blasting is 3 to 4 rows. | The ore is manually loaded and transported. Powder mine cleaning and bagging out | Local instability uses wooden pillars. The waste rock of the trench is piled up in the goaf support roof |
峪耳岩金矿 | Push forward from the bottom up. Working face | YT-27 rock drilling, shallow eye mining, eye depth 1.5~2.2m, W=0.6~0.7m, W/d=14～17, parallel arrangement of mine thickness, “Zigzag†arrangement when the mine is thin | 13kW electric picking out | Use a cross strut to protect the roof. Pillar spacing: 1.8 ~ 2 × 1.5 ~ 2m, lean ore remains as a pillar |
Banbishan Gold Mine | The ore block is divided into 15 to 20 m wide strips, and the reverse tilt is advanced. | YT-27 rock drilling, shallow eye mining, eye depth 2.2 ~ 2.3m, W = 0.6 ~ 0.7m, blasthole parallel arrangement | 7.5kW or 13kW electric tapping | Irregular pillars in the stope |
Zhangjiakou Gold Mine | First excavation (parallel, minefield, fishbone arrangement), backward mining | Shallow-eye mine, eye depth 1.5m parallel staggered arrangement, row spacing 1.0m, eye distance 1.0m | With 13kW electric pick and 30kW electric pick-up | The use of uphill and mining roads is supported by wooden sheds. Support with wooden posts or rafts during mining. And leave irregular pillars |
Three gold mines | Using a wall work surface to advance from one survey to the other | YT-27 rock drilling, shallow eye mining, eye depth 1.7m, parallel arrangement, eye spacing 0.6m | 7.5kW, 13kW electric picking | Leave irregular pillars or temporary wooden pillars |
Xiangxi Gold Mine Xi'an Mining Area | The ore block is divided into several sub-zones, which are sloping and inclined, and the inter-segment | Shallow eye drop | 14kW and 17kW electric pick-up | Each column has 1 to 3 pillars, and each pillar has a supporting area of ​​80-240 m2, and concrete blocks are placed between the pillars. |
As can be seen from the 3, the comprehensive mining method of gold mines is diverse in the mining sequence and the mode of mining work in the mining blocks. Most of the mines use wall working faces to push from one side to the other. The mine divides the ore into several strips (Puchong, Banbishan Gold Mine) or divides into several sub-zones (Xiangxi Gold Mine) for mining. Individual mines (Zhangjiakou Gold Mine) adopt the way of roadway mining. These are mainly for Measures taken to accommodate different roof stability conditions. From the perspective of production technology, all of them are shallow-eye mines and electric mines (Puchun gold deposits are artificially mined). Among them, Shaoguan gold mine and Puqi gold mine use the comprehensive method to recover ore bodies with a thickness of 1.6m or less. At the time, the process of separation and distribution was adopted. The three gold mines and the Yu'erya gold mine still use mixed mining when recovering ore bodies with thickness less than the mining width. From the perspective of roof management, the Shaoguan Gold Mine and the Yu'erya Gold Mine have adopted relatively regular columns or cross-struts. All other mines use irregular ore pillars and wooden supports. Zhangjiakou Gold Mine is used because of poor roof conditions. Wooden sheds and wooden rafts. Some mines use anchors to reinforce the local roof.
Fourth, the main technical and economic indicators
The main technical and economic indicators for the comprehensive application of each mine are listed in Table 4.
Table 4 Main technical and economic indicators of the comprehensive mining method
Ore name | Nugget production capacity /(t·d -1 ) | Picking ratio /(m·kt -1 ) | Ore depletion rate /% | Ore depletion rate /% | Explosive consumption /(kg·t -1 ) | Pit wood consumption / (m 3 · t -1 ) | Remarks |
Shaoguan Gold Mine | 40~50 | 20 | 6 | 11.5 | 0.63 | 0.0048 | Test nugget data |
Qinling Gold Mine | 38 | 28 | Mining room: 5~6 Pillar: 40~58 | Mine: 37.2 Mine column: 24.8 | 0.71 | 0.00036 | |
Puqi Gold Mine | 30~50 | 13.2 | 11.76 | ||||
峪耳岩金矿 | 40 | 4.8 to 11.6 | 7.5 to 9.8 | 30 | 0.45 | 0.0032 | |
Banbishan Gold Mine | 30 | 40 | 9.3 | 25 | 0.31 | 0.0018 | |
Zhangjiakou Gold Mine | 55.91 | 8.5 | 7.41 | 0.49 | 0.002 | Mining costs: 15.52 yuan / t | |
Three gold mines | 20~40 | 11.1 | 18.30 | 70 | 0.70 | 0.0037 | |
Xiangxi Gold Mine Xi'an Mining Area | 50-80 | 25 | 3 to 5 | 4~6 | 0.32 | 0.004 |
It can be seen from Table 4 that the mining capacity of the comprehensive mining method is mostly 30 to 40 t/d, and the production capacity can be improved when stripping or separate mining is performed at the same time. From the ore loss and depletion indicators, the ore loss order is generally below 10%, and the ore depletion rate is high. Especially when the mine thickness is less than the mining width, if the mixed mining is still adopted, the depletion rate is high (such as three The gold mine has a thickness of 0.2 to 0.6 m and a depletion rate of 70%.
V. Review
When applying the comprehensive method, the gold mine is characterized by the convenience and flexibility of the mining method, which can be divided into mining and transportation. Generally, irregular ore columns are left in the stope, or low-grade ore sections and waste rock interlayers are left. To support the roof and reduce the ore depletion rate. The main direction of process development is to reduce ore loss and depletion. In the mining of thin and extremely thin ore deposits, there is a tendency to separate mining. For example, the comprehensive method of wall explosive force mining in the Shaoguan gold mine test and application will be located first. The rock in the middle and lower part of the mining frame is produced by throwing blasting, and then the ore in the upper part of the collecting frame is recovered, which greatly reduces the loss and depletion of the ore. Another example is the throwing blasting comprehensive mining method in the study of the Boaoshan Mine. The ore is divided into several mining strips. In the center of each strip, the rock is first mined and formed into trenches, and then the ore on both sides is thrown and blasted. The method is carried out in the trench and transported out, which reduces ore loss and depletion, and improves the production capacity of the ore block. The Zhangjiakou gold mine applied the approach of mining and mining, and applied the comprehensive mining method to the condition that the roof is unstable, and achieved good results. According to the different way of the way of the way, parallel approach, mine approach and fishbone were adopted. A variety of options such as access.
The main features of the application of the comprehensive mining method in gold mines are: low level of mechanization and small production capacity of the ore; heavy physical labor and low labor productivity; high ore loss rate when the mine room column and the top and bottom columns cannot be effectively recovered. .
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