Talking about the prediction and prevention of mine water

Coal mining has a long history, many Ida resources nearly depleted, especially in recent years sharp increase in coal production, the majority of coal mining have been transferred to the group of coal, this will inevitably produce water gushing phenomenon, namely the upper ore mining water or large empty area The water accumulated in the goaf of the small coal kiln in the surrounding area floods the existing mining face through a series of water-filling means such as fault fracture zone and fissure, which will inevitably lead to difficulties in tunneling and mining. Therefore, solving the phenomenon of water inrush is the primary problem that needs to be solved urgently.

To solve the problem of mine water, we must first predict the mine water. This is only a means, and the ultimate goal is to prevent the occurrence of water inrush.

The fundamental reason for determining the condition of mine water filling (gushing water) is the quality of the water-filled water source in the mining area and the conditions of the water-filling route. At the same time, it is necessary to find out the location of the water-filled water source of the mine and the distance from the mining face. The location and the water filling path between them. In general, the main water-filling sources of mines are surface water and old kiln water. The main water-filling routes include fault zones, rock formation pores, rock layer fissures, caving fracture zones above the goaf and ground collapse.

1 full water source

1.1 Surface water

The surface water of Yanya Mine mainly includes seasonal rivers and pools. For example, in 1989, the Jiahouyugou small coal kiln was randomly scattered in the fourth floor, causing the destruction of the industrial square of the second west wind well in the mine, causing the large pool on the industrial square to split, and the water in the pool collapsed along the ground. A series of water-filling routes such as fissures flocked to the 408 panel, flooding the entire 11-story 408 panel tape lane, causing the high-end eight teams to stop production, causing serious losses. Therefore, the consequences of ignoring the surface water-filled water source are very serious. Some people always think that the surface water source is far away from the current mining face and will not flow into the mine. This kind of thinking is absolutely impossible.

1.2 Old kiln and small coal kiln old pond water

Old kiln and small coal mines The old pond water is essentially a water-filled source of groundwater. There are many small coal mines around the mine. Some small coal mines only take out the coal and carry out illegal operations. They only pay attention to the safety and do not put the drainage in the primary position. Therefore, there is a lot of water in the old pond of the small coal mine, like a Groundwater reservoirs, when mines encounter or approach them, are prone to water inrush, and they are fierce and sometimes cause temporary flooding accidents. Therefore, geologists, especially hydrogeologists, must promptly investigate the degree of water accumulation and water accumulation in small coal kiln in order to predict and inform relevant departments and do a good job in water prevention and control. There are many examples in this regard. For example, when the 412 panel was used to drive the lane, it was connected with the small kiln of the Wangjiatai Brigade of the Ya'erya Village, so that a large amount of water in the old pond of the small coal mine was poured into the 412 panel, resulting in the project. The second team stopped production. This example shows that engineers and technicians did not timely predict the accumulation of water in old kiln and small coal mines, causing serious losses to the country and the people.

The two sources of water discussed above are the typical source of water for the mine, which is the main source of water in the mine. However, the water source is only a condition for constructing mine water inrush. Whether the mine waters or not depends on another important condition, namely the water inrush channel.

2 water surge channel (pathway)

The main water inrush routes in the mine include rock fractures, rock pores, fault zones, and upper caving fracture zones.

2.1 Rock layer fractures (fracture structure)

Weathered fissures, diagenetic fissures and tectonic fissures of rock formations may constitute channels for water inrush from mines. The strata exposed in any mine are distributed with fault structures formed by different quantities, different natures, different scales and different periods. When the mining face meets or approaches them during the mining process, the water sources associated with them are often introduced into the well through them, causing water inrush. For example, in the Yanya Mine in 1990, the high-grade seven teams were mined in the 8108 working area of â€‹â€‹the 15#301 panel, causing the water in the 14# layer goaf to flow along the fault structure belt to the working surface, so that the working surface could not be produced. Caused a great loss. In the mining process, the most encountered and most dangerous are various large and medium-sized fault structures. Therefore, in the future, in the process of mining and excavation, the fracture structure should be done as the prevention and prediction of the water filling route, so that the loss is reduced to a minimum.

2.2 Pore of the rock formation

This water inrush route is often in the loose rock that is not cemented, and its water permeability depends on the size and connectivity of the pores, not on the porosity. The rock layer has large pores and good connectivity. When the roadway passes through, the amount of water inflow is large, otherwise the water inflow will be small.

2.3 Falling fissure zone above the goaf

Almost every gob has a certain range of stagnant water, which is like a groundwater reservoir. Once there is a passage, the water will flood into the existing working face, causing water inrush. The solution is to tap the water hole, that is, pre-discharge the water in the upper goaf before mining, and then discharge the water into the water tank. The upper vertical fissure zone is formed by the collapse of the goaf.

The above briefly talks about the water-filling source of mine water and the water inrush of mine water, which is mainly to solve the phenomenon of mine water inrush. If the problem of water source is clarified, the passage between the water source and the existing working face will be cut off naturally to achieve the purpose of prevention and control; if the mine water filling path is clarified, the road can be diverted to make the water flow to the old pond or underground water. Warehouse can prevent the phenomenon of mine water inrush.

It can be seen from the above that the mine water rushing is conditional, and the conditions of the mine water rushing out will not cause the phenomenon of mine water rushing. In short, each mine has different water-filling conditions, and each mine is different. If the mines are well-off in their respective jobs, and the environment is not caused by the mine water, it will reduce the country's losses.

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