From the official 5G 2020 deadline, getting closer. Currently, major manufacturers are accelerating their 5G technical testing. Remember last week, Huawei and Vodafone jointly completed a 5G millimeter wave outdoor field test to achieve single-user equipment 20Git / s peak transmission speed. However, as expected, the final 5G transfer rate will be able to achieve 1Gb / s, more than ten times faster than 4G, how to achieve? The key technology is that 5G using millimeter wave.
What is millimeter wave
What is the millimeter wave? This is the key to 5G realize high-speed transmission? In fact, the millimeter wave refers to the wavelength of 1 to 10 millimeters of electromagnetic waves, the frequency of about 30GHz ~ 300GHz. It is located in the microwave and far-infrared waves overlap the wavelength range, which combines the characteristics of both Pope. In theory, millimeter wave is the development of light to low frequency and microwave to high frequency extension.
From the principle of communication, the maximum signal bandwidth of wireless communication is about 5% of the carrier frequency, that is to say, the higher the carrier frequency, the greater the signal bandwidth it can realize. In addition, in the millimeter-wave band, 28GHz and 60GHz are the two bands most promising for 5G communication. Among them, the available frequency spectrum of 28GHz can reach 1GHz, the available signal bandwidth of each channel of 60GHz can reach 2GHz.
Compared with 5G communication, the highest frequency of 4G-LTE frequency band is about 2GHz, so its usable spectrum bandwidth is only 100MHz; With the millimeter wave frequency band, the spectral bandwidth can be up to 10 times, and the transmission rate will also be faster. So, the 5G will not only mean delivering a 1GB movie in 10 seconds, it will also support more applications such as cloud games, virtual reality and more.
2. valuable frequency band resources
As we all know, wireless communications rely on the spread of electromagnetic waves, the most precious resource than the band. At present, carriers have started to study millimeter-wave technology in order to find the most suitable frequency range for mobile applications. In order to unify the global millimeter wave frequency standard, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announced a list of available frequencies from 24 GHz to 86 GHz globally after the recent World Radiocommunication Conference. Finally, the three bands at 28 GHz, 39 GHz and 73 GHz are gradually being phased out stand out.
Based on the availability of 28GHz in the United States, South Korea and Japan, combined with the initial field testing of U.S. telecom operators, the spectrum, whether an international standard or not, could directly become a U.S. mobile technology application. In addition, South Korea's goal of demonstrating 5G technology at the 2018 Olympic Games may also be to spearhead the advance of 28GHz technology in consumer products before the standards body identifies the 5G standard. Although it is still not possible to confirm whether 28 GHz can be widely used in 5G applications, this frequency is absolutely important at this stage.
At the same time as 28GHz related research, the E-band frequency has also attracted the attention in the field of mobile communications in recent years. Huawei and Vodafone mentioned in the opening paragraph, it is in the E-Band 5G outdoor microwave on-site test. In addition, the distinction between 73GHz and 28GHz, 39GHz one of the three characteristics of the relationship is the available continuous bandwidth.
The 2 GHz continuous bandwidth in the 73 GHz is available for mobile communications, the broadest in the proposed frequency spectrum; the 850 GHz bandwidth is only available at 28 GHz; and the 1.6 GHz and 1.4 GHz bandwidths are available in the United States near 39 GHz. In addition, according to Shannon's law, that higher bandwidth represents a higher amount of data transfer, the 73GHz is more advantageous than the other two.
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