The weight reduction of heavy trucks can neither be simplistic nor at the expense of safety.
As a relatively mature market in the European logistics market, reasonable freight rates, high value-added goods, let the logistics and transportation users do not have to worry about how to make money, obviously, they have survived the era of relying on overload to make money.
However, the immature market in China is clearly different from the European freight environment. The sluggish freight rates and low value-added raw materials transportation have made overloading a mainstream many years ago. In that case, when many heavy truck users purchase vehicles, the first consideration may be the truck's overload performance. Is not too thin, that is, not too thick springs, can not wait to buy back a big customer.
However, the multi-ministerial ministries that began five years ago have failed to make heavy truck overload a dead end. The weight-by-weight policy that has been implemented successively in several provinces has made the status that trucks are heavier and heavier, and their status is no longer there. Instead, whoever weighs heavily will win the favor of the market.
For every 10% reduction in the weight of the car, fuel consumption can be reduced by more than 8%. Today, as oil prices gradually rise, this is undoubtedly very attractive for truck users who are struggling with life.
Careful reporters have calculated an account. If the vehicle's own weight is reduced by 0.8 tons, the truck can load more cargo by 0.8 tons, which is calculated based on 200,000 kilometers per year, an average freight rate of 0.28 yuan per kilometer, and a lightweight heavy truck for one year. Compared with ordinary models with the same carrying capacity, they can increase the income by 450,000 yuan.
Customers have profitable profits and companies are willing to participate actively. In view of this, heavy-duty truck companies, without exception, have formulated product thinning plans. Use high-strength steel plates, reduce the weight of the “heavy†points such as the vehicle girders, and reduce or remove the past redundant parts by optimizing the design. For a time, every family has a lightweight heavy truck.
But even so, we still have to give the company a reminder that the lightweighting of heavy trucks must take the path of high-tech development and must not be simplified. Second, the light weight of heavy trucks can never be sacrificed at the expense of safety.
Looking at the current domestic heavy-duty lightweight technology means, such as the replacement of aluminum alloy tank, the use of less leaf spring or rubber suspension, the bias tires for radial tires, double tires to change a single tire, etc., most of them still remain relatively simple zero Replacement of parts and use of lightweight materials. These parts, which greatly contribute to the weight reduction of domestic heavy trucks, are mostly purchased directly from suppliers and do not contain any high technology. By using this method to reduce the weight of vehicles, it is very difficult for heavy truck companies to form a unique competitive advantage. They will soon be copied and copied by competitors and lose their competitive advantage.
Replacing the drive axle with a steering axle and changing the double-layer beam to a single-layer beam is also a commonly used technical measure for domestic lightweight heavy trucks. Using these methods, although heavy truck companies have mastered certain core technologies, due to the limitation of the technical level of domestic metal materials, it is not only that the weight loss rate is limited, but also that the weight bearing capacity of the vehicle is greatly reduced. Compared with foreign countries in product upgrading, starting from the basic design, through optimizing the structure and the rational use of new materials, new technologies, compared to the overall lightweight achieved without reducing the carrying capacity, domestic lightweight heavy trucks still have a small gap .
There is also talk now about whether heavy duty engines can use aluminum instead of cast iron. Because of the replacement of cast iron with aluminum in the passenger cars and light trucks, it is possible to reduce the weight of the engine. Of course, heavy-duty engines can also be used, but due to the constraints of cost and fuel properties and other conditions, all aluminum diesel engines are not realistic and feasible. Experts in this regard have stated that at present, material engineers in the automotive industry face a large number of composite materials. There are also some perplexities in the selection of materials. They are not like the use of materials such as traditional polypropylene, alloys, and polyamides. It's easy to use, because the performance of these new composites is not yet clear. Therefore, there is a lack of confidence in the selection of new materials. This is also one reason why new materials cannot be used immediately. After all, light weight must be safeguarded.
However, a phenomenon is worthy of caution. Although China's heavy-duty truck companies are beginning to try to match the entire vehicle and the application of new materials, they are trying to go further in lightweight technology. Such as air suspension, aluminum alloy, vacuum tires and so on. However, the demand of the heavy truck business market in China and the endurance of users, but also in real life limits the company's R & D results into actual technology applications.
Truck companies are also worthy of paying attention to the safety of lightweight heavy trucks. A large number of cases have shown that although the current lightweight heavy truck allows customers to make more wealth, there are many hidden dangers in security.
Car safety has different requirements for different parts. For example, rigid bodies are needed on the side of the vehicle to improve safety, and for the front and rear parts of the buffer zone, the energy absorption of the bumper and the engine is more important. A truly safe car body should be rigid when it is rigid, and it deforms when it is deformed. In addition to vehicle safety, vehicle companies must also consider the safety of pedestrians. The greater the collision between body and pedestrian, the greater the inertia and the greater the damage to pedestrians.
In this regard, the industry wrote an article pointed out that China’s heavy-duty truck industry, which focuses on overload, has now far deviated from the “safety, high-efficiency, environmental protection, and energy-saving†world heavy truck mainstream operating value system, resulting in the heavy truck industry in China. The level of technology greatly lags behind the developed countries. Especially in the core component technology, it is "a breakthrough, no development."
Tan Xiuqing of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers once questioned. "If the vehicle is broken after use, what is the significance of lightweighting? Lightening should be a reflection of the overall improvement of society and the improvement of transportation efficiency. It should not be at the expense of safety. Nowadays, some companies' lightweight products are cutting corners. There is still question about whether or not you can use it."
At present, almost all manufacturers use their words in advertising the lightweight effects of their products: how many kilograms of our products are lighter than the original, and can be transported under the same toll fee and the same fuel consumption. How much of the goods and so on. It can be seen that the purpose of this lightweight boom is not only the efforts to improve transport efficiency, but also breakthroughs that circumvent the limitations of current laws and regulations. In this regard, the person pointed out that the current so-called lightweight heavy truck and double steering axle 6x2 heavy-duty tractors, just domestic heavy truck companies to circumvent the country's legal transformation of the deformed products.
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