On July 17, 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the "Notice on Regulating the Scientific and Orderly Development of Coal-to-Coal and Coal-to-Gas Natural Gas Industry" on its official website. The notice stated that the National Development and Reform Commission and the Energy Administration are studying and formulating the Guiding Opinions on the Orderly Promotion of the Construction of Coal-to-Petroleum Demonstration Projects and the Guiding Opinions on Steadily Promoting the Demonstration of Coal-to-Gas-to-Gas Industrialization, which will be released soon.
Shortly thereafter, the drafts of the above two "Guiding Opinions" began to solicit comments and amendments. However, there is no more heretofore.
In mid-November, reporters from the Southern Capital learned from relevant officials of the National Development and Reform Commission that the two "Guiding Opinions" have been shelved because "the disputes are relatively large and the conditions are not ripe."
The focus is on environmental issues
In these two "Guiding Opinions", "appropriate development" of coal-to-oil and coal-to-gas production has been given important strategic significance. Demonstration bases requiring "key construction" are concentrated in Shaanxi, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia in the Yellow River Basin. . However, these areas are precisely where water resources are limited and ecosystems are relatively fragile. Therefore, the principle of “conducting the quantity of water†and “implementing the strictest environmental protection requirements†have become the guiding principles. New construction projects are required to implement the environmental capacity and discharge of pollutants, and waste water and waste gas are required to strictly implement the relevant emission standards.
If the demonstration of industrialization is promoted according to the original plan, can such requirements be satisfied? In particular, large-scale projects that are planned in dry areas and do not have any sewage discharge conditions must meet the environmental protection requirements if they must be promoted. "Zero emission" standard to design and implement. The demonstration projects that have already been put into operation in these areas in advance are the “roads†obtained in this way.
Before the two Guiding Opinions began to be drafted, at a seminar organized by the Environmental Engineering Assessment Center of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, various types of coal chemical companies with existing experience throughout the country were put on the table for discussion—whether or not there was A company has truly realized the “zero discharge†of waste water known as “the existing production technology, sewage treatment technology, and management specifications. Can it really be clean and pollution-free?
Some companies have invested more than double the initial planned investment, but they have still been fined for "unavoidable" pollution; some companies have spent millions on research and found that "it is difficult for them to convince themselves. Therefore, the investment plan was suspended under pressure from the local government.
Zhou Xueshen, director of the Petrochemical Textile and Textile Evaluation Department of the Environmental Engineering Assessment Center, told the Southern Reporter: “If the 'zero emissions' is just a myth that has been compiled to break through the environmental constraints of the project, if the existing technology cannot be achieved, then it will necessarily mean It is either transfer of pollution or stealing and stealing. Conclusion can be verified by facts."
"Out-of-plan" pollution
In Jingbian County, Yulin City, Shaanxi Province, there is a closed wetland called Luhe, which was used as a source of water for local farmers to drink and irrigate. Around 2012, the water surface of Luhe began to be covered by large areas of black sewage and white foam. Local residents told Nandu that this was caused by a sewage pipe that was connected to the extended coal that was under construction. Yulin Energy Chemical Co., Ltd. large-scale chemical plant.
This chemical plant, known as "the world's first coal, oil, gas comprehensive utilization project," a total investment of 28.5 billion yuan, mainly composed of 1.8 million tons of coal-made methanol and 1.5 million tons of residue thermal cracking and downstream products.
According to the previous environmental protection bureau and the current environmental protection department's traditional ring score-level approval requirements, such projects should be approved by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. However, the Southern Point reporter verified that the key project in Shaanxi Province was directly approved by the Shaanxi Provincial Department of Environmental Protection in 2008. Because there is no water body that can be contaminated in the project location, the Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau takes “zero emission†as the implementation condition of the project and the goal of water pollution control. Subsequently, the construction of the project started, and so far it has not yet been operated at full capacity, but pollution incidents have occurred frequently.
In early 2013, the local media had exposed the Luhe drainage. According to the official explanation at the time, this was due to the fact that the sewage treatment facilities had not yet been completed during the construction phase. In November 2014, reporters from the Southern Capital observed on the site of the Luhe wetland that the sewage pipe connecting the chemical plant was still stuck in the Luhe wetland, and the surrounding water was still muddy and filthy.
An administrator of the project party responsible for sewage treatment told the Southern Reporter that the sewage treatment facility has been completed and all wastewater is treated in the sewage treatment plant according to the environmental assessment requirements, and the reclaimed water is reused. "That drain pipe must have been blocked, no longer out of the row," he said.
Sewage "temporary pool"
Extending the “Zero Emissions†facilities designed by China Coal Yulin Energy Co., Ltd. includes a “Sandeng Wetland Ecological Park†project. According to the EIA report, this piece of wetland “will completely solve the problem of the treatment and discharge of residual middle water, high salt water in the park, drainage of wastewater treatment stations, and spent alkali liquorâ€.
In November 2014, Nandu reporters found the 168-mu “constructed wetland†in a desert outside the factory. The person in charge of the “Zero Emissions†project of the project, Qi Yonghong, vice president of the Research Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Engineering of Shaanxi Province, told the Southern Reporter that this is actually a buffer pool and should be empty under normal circumstances, because the front-end facilities are still not stable. There are some fluctuations in the indicators in the sewage, which are temporarily stored here when it is too late. And it has also been made impervious to ensure that it will not pollute groundwater.
An official of the local water conservancy department told the Southern Reporter that his concern was that the coal chemical plant with limited discharge conditions had a large water tank, whether it was a temporary pool or a evaporation pond used to evaporate crystalline brine. Well, there may be hidden dangers of polluting groundwater. If not, it is a large pit.
According to reporters from the Southern Metropolis, all the coal chemical industrial parks along the Yellow River's investigation basin found that the “big pool†filled with sewage is basically a standard facility for coal chemical bases. It was confirmed by a number of persons in the industry that the evaporation effect of the existing evaporation ponds is not satisfactory, and temporary storage of sewage is only an expedient measure. What's even more troublesome is that if chlorine salts, sulfates, and other components are removed from the last salty water, they will turn into sewage once it rains down if they are improperly placed.
Hide in the desert
The “big pool†placed on the surface can also be said that within the scope of supervision, the Southern Reporter’s investigation found that some exemplary “zero discharge†projects are even suspected of leaking through the pit, such as the upper reaches of the Sillam River. Datang Coal Gas Project.
At the northwest corner of the Datang Corporation's coal-to-gas projects, hidden in the deep sand dunes without roads, there is a rectangular bunker with a size of a tennis court and a depth of about 5 meters.
In mid-to-late August 2014, Datang Corporation suspended production due to its plan to sell coal-based gas projects to Shenhua, and conducted related consolidation and accounting. Prior to this, black filthy water appeared in the pit several times with a noticeable pungent odor. The wall of the sand pit also left traces of sewage left behind. The local herdsmen told Nandu reporters that Datang Corporation not only had a stinking evaporation pond, but also used this pit to secretly discharge pollutants.
In November 2014, Southern reporters discovered that the bunker had been cleared. A worker explained: “This pit was used to connect the rainwater in the plant area, and it was only after 15 minutes of rainwater was discharged here. The first 15 minutes of rainwater was dirty and we all collected it.†As to why this pit Without any anti-seepage, the worker explained: "Because the rain after 15 minutes is not dirty, no seepage prevention is needed."
Reports from the Southern Metropolitan Review of the project's EIA revealed that according to the requirements of water supply and drainage, the rainwater in the plant area must be collected and reused. If it is too late to collect, it will be transported via pipelines to an evaporation pond 5.5 kilometers east of the plant boundary. Evaporation pond is used to evaporate crystallized brine. It covers an area of ​​1 square kilometer, and the capacity of wastewater treatment per hour is 500 cubic meters. The amount of water that can be installed is at least several hundred times that of the bunker. How many "rainwaters" need to be diverted to discharge?
The reporter from the Southern Water Department learned from the local water conservancy department that, as of August, when Datang stopped production, the drought situation in the local area was extremely severe. There had been no effective precipitation, and the crops had been harvested in large areas. Where did the rain come from?
According to another expert who participated in the review round of the Datang Project, the average annual rainfall in the area is only 379 millimeters, while the evaporation is 1,688 millimeters. Therefore, there is no need to build a special “rainwater discharge†facility.
Earlier, an environmental protection expert from Datang Corporation told Nandu that the Datang Coal Gas Project had a total investment of more than 200 billion yuan, of which the environmental protection investment had more than 2 billion yuan, and continued to add additional investment for improvement and optimization. There was absolutely no Need to stole and steal in order to save a little cost. Another person in the industry expressed his approval of the statement and doubted that the “stealing†situation if it existed, it was more likely that some of the wastewater under abnormal conditions could not be dealt with until too late, and it was also subject to “zero discharge†facilities. Restricted, so it was "forced" to steal.
The pit excavated by Datang Corp. out of thin air became a question mark hanging in the northwestern corner of the factory. It also became a question mark left by the “preliminary demonstration project†of coal gas to the industry.
Li Junfeng, director of the Climate Strategy Center of the National Development and Reform Commission, told Nandu that at present, the technology of coal gas is not mature. However, under the dual drive of policies and economy, China has built, under construction, and proposed coal gas projects with more than 60 projects, most of which are located in the central and western regions.
In addition to the ecological risks brought about by "immature", from the overall perspective, rushing to achieve industrialization will also lead to endless troubles. Li Junfeng said: "So, its development must not be embraced by it. Once this industry is formed, it will be solidified for a long time. The negative impact on China's energy supply system construction, climate change response and environmental protection will be incalculable."
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